Perimenopause and menopause: what they mean
Menopause is the point when 12 months have passed without a period – a date you can only confirm in hindsight. In Europe, the average age at menopause is around 51, with a wide normal range.
Before that comes perimenopause – a period when the ovaries gradually produce less oestrogen and progesterone, and cycles become less predictable. Perimenopause often starts in the 40s and lasts four to eight years, longer for some women.
What the MRS scale measures
The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is a questionnaire described by Heinemann and colleagues in 2004. It has 11 items grouped into three areas: somatic (hot flushes, heart discomfort, sleep, joints and muscles), psychological (mood, irritability, anxiety, exhaustion), and urogenital (sexual problems, bladder, vaginal dryness).
You rate each symptom from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe), for a total of 0 to 44. The scale is meant to track symptoms over time and is not a substitute for a doctor's visit; what your score means for you is best judged by a doctor or gynaecologist.
When to see a doctor
With moderate or severe symptoms on the MRS scale, it makes sense to talk to a gynaecologist or doctor – options range from everyday changes to hormone therapy and non-hormonal approaches, and the choice is always individual.
Whatever your score, see a doctor if you notice bleeding after menopause, if bleeding during perimenopause is very heavy or frequent, or if your period stops for three months or more and you are not sure why.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between perimenopause and menopause?
Menopause is a date – 12 months without a period, confirmed in hindsight. Perimenopause is the period before it, when hormones fluctuate and the first symptoms appear; it can last several years.
At what age does perimenopause usually start?
Most often in your 40s, earlier for some women. Menopause itself happens on average around age 51, though the normal range is wider.
How long do menopause symptoms last?
It varies widely – for some women symptoms ease within a few years, for others they last longer. Studies show hot flushes last, on average, several years after the final period.
What does my MRS score mean?
Your score places you in one of four ranges, from no symptoms to severe. It is an orientation, not an assessment of your health; talk to a doctor about what it means for you.
When should I see a doctor about menopause symptoms?
With moderate or severe symptoms, with bleeding after menopause, very heavy bleeding during perimenopause, or if your period stops for three months or more.
Sources
- Heinemann K et al. – The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) (2004)
- NHS – Menopause
- NICE – Menopause (guideline NG23)
- WHO – Menopause (fact sheet)
Updated: October 2026
An informational test, not a substitute for medical advice.


