Perceived stress and burnout
Stress is a physical and emotional response to demands that outweigh your current resources for coping with them. The PSS-10 scale, developed by psychologist Sheldon Cohen in 1983, measures perceived stress — how overloaded, unpredictable and uncontrollable your life has felt over the past month, rather than the events themselves.
Burnout is something different. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes it in the ICD-11 classification as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed, characterised by exhaustion, mental distance from one's job and lower professional efficacy. By WHO's definition, burnout is not an illness but an occupational phenomenon — what sets it apart from everyday stress is mainly its duration and its link to work.
Common signs of stress
Stress often shows up on several levels at once: physical (muscle tension, headaches, fatigue, sleep problems, digestive discomfort), emotional (irritability, a sense of being overwhelmed, mood swings) and behavioural (trouble concentrating, procrastination, more coffee, cigarettes or alcohol than usual).
Signs look a little different in everyone, which is why the PSS-10 is deliberately broad — it does not ask about individual symptoms, but about your general sense of control and unpredictability over the past month. A high score does not point to one specific symptom; it reflects how heavy the overall load has felt to you.
What people commonly do, and when to see a doctor
Guidelines and health organisations often list habits that come up around coping with stress: a regular sleep schedule, movement outdoors, breaks during the day, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and talking to someone close to you or to a psychologist. These are general habits, not an instruction that any one of them has to work for you specifically.
If a sense of stress drags on for weeks, affects your sleep, relationships or work, or comes with signs of anxiety or low mood, it is worth talking to a doctor or psychologist. Anxiety is a separate topic that professionals assess with other questionnaires, such as the GAD-7; in an acute crisis or with thoughts of self-harm, call your local emergency number immediately.
Frequently asked questions
What does a high score on a stress test mean?
A high score on the PSS-10 scale means your life has often felt unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloaded over the past month. It is not a tool for assessing your health, but a sign that it may be worth talking to a doctor or a psychologist.
What is the PSS-10?
The PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale) is a questionnaire developed by psychologist Sheldon Cohen in 1983 to measure perceived stress. It consists of 10 questions about feelings and thoughts over the past month, and the result is a number between 0 and 40.
What is the difference between stress and burnout?
Stress is a short-term response to pressure, while burnout, as defined by the World Health Organization, is a longer-term occupational phenomenon linked to chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.
When should you see a doctor about stress?
If stress drags on for weeks, disrupts your sleep or daily life, or comes with signs of anxiety or low mood, it is worth talking to a doctor or a psychologist. In an acute crisis or with thoughts of self-harm, call your local emergency number immediately.
Is a stress test the same as an anxiety test?
No. The PSS-10 measures general perceived stress, while anxiety is a separate topic that professionals assess with other questionnaires, such as the GAD-7. If you notice strong anxiety symptoms, talk to a doctor.
Sources
- Cohen S et al. – A global measure of perceived stress (1983)
- WHO – Burn-out an occupational phenomenon (ICD-11)
- NHS – Stress
- WHO – Stress (Questions and answers)
Updated: October 2026
An informational test, not a substitute for medical advice.

